![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.ithenticate.com.cn\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/2017100201404312-1-1.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\n(\u4e00)\u8bfe\u9898\u540d\u79f0<\/p>\n
\u8bfe\u9898\u540d\u79f0\u5c31\u662f\u8bfe\u9898\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u4e2a\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5199\u8bfe\u9898\u540d\u79f0\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5199\u7684\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3001\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u6574\u4e2a\u8bfe\u9898\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u4e0e\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u540d\u79f0\u53ef\u8c13\u753b\u9f99\u70b9\u775b\u4e4b\u7b14\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u597d\uff0c\u662f\u8bba\u6587\u52a0\u5206\u548c\u5438\u5f15\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u6700\u597d\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u7a76\u7adf\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u64b0\u5199\u8bfe\u9898\u540d\u79f0\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u540d\u79f0\u8981\u51c6\u786e\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u3002<\/p>\n
\u51c6\u786e\u5c31\u662f\u8bfe\u9898\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u8981\u628a\u8bfe\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ea4\u5f85\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u8bfe\u9898\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u5c0f\uff0c\u8981\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u628a\u4f60\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u6982\u62ec\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u8fc7\u5927\u6216\u8fc7\u5c0f\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u540d\u79f0\u53ea\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6587\u4e0d\u5bf9\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5f00\u9898\u62a5\u544a\u662f\u5f88\u96be\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u9898\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u89c4\u8303\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u7528\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u3001\u53e5\u578b\u8981\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4f3c\u662f\u800c\u975e\u7684\u8bcd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\uff0c\u53e3\u53f7\u5f0f\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba\u5f0f\u7684\u53e5\u578b\u4e0d\u8981\u7528\u3002\u8bfe\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6b63\u5728\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u6b63\u5f00\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u7ed3\u8bba\u6027\u7684\u53e3\u6c14\u3002\u5728\u5f00\u9898\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u7531\u4e8e\u8bfe\u9898\u8fd8\u672a\u63a2\u7a76\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6240\u64b0\u5199\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u7ed3\u8bba\u6027\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u540d\u79f0\u8981\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u8bba\u6587\u6216\u8005\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u540d\u79f0\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u592a\u957f\uff0c\u80fd\u4e0d\u8981\u7684\u5b57\u5c31\u5c3d\u91cf\u4e0d\u8981\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u8981\u8d85\u8fc720\u4e2a\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n
(\u4e8c) \u8bfe\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u610f\u4e49<\/p>\n
\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u610f\u4e49\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u5b83\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u822c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u4ece\u73b0\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u53bb\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u73b0\u5b9e\u5f53\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53bb\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u672c\u8bfe\u9898\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b9e\u9645\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5199\u8bfe\u9898\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u8981\u5199\u5f97\u5177\u4f53\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6f2b\u65e0\u8fb9\u9645\u5730\u7a7a\u558a\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u90fd\u5199\u6210\u662f\u575a\u6301\u515a\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u9488\u3001\u5b9e\u65bd\u7d20\u8d28\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u6559\u80b2\u6559\u5b66\u8d28\u91cf\u7b49\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u2474 \u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6709\u5173\u80cc\u666f(\u8bfe\u9898\u7684\u63d0\u51fa) \u2475 \u6307\u51fa\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u8be5\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u5417\uff1f\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u662f\u5ba1\u9898\u4eba\u5458\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfe\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u91cd\u70b9\u7a81\u51fa\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n
(\u4e09) \u672c\u8bfe\u9898\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u73b0\u72b6(\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0)\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\u201d\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201csurvey\u201d\u3001\u201coverview\u201d\u3001\u201creview\u201d\u3002\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u67d0\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6587\u732e\u8fdb\u884c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u548c\u601d\u8003\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b66\u672f\u6587\u7ae0\u6ca1\u6709\u7efc\u8ff0\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7684\u3002\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u201c\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0( Literature Review)\u201d \u4e0e\u201c\u80cc\u666f\u63cf\u8ff0 (Backupground Description)\u201d\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u201c\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\u201d\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u201c\u80cc\u666f\u63cf\u8ff0\u201d\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u6765\u9f99\u53bb\u8109\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u56fd\u5916\u653f\u5e9c\u53d1\u5c55\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u80cc\u666f\u63cf\u8ff0\u201d\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u5c42\u9762\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u8bb2\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\u201d\u3002\u201c\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\u201d\u662f\u5bf9\u5b66\u672f\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6574\u7406\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\u662f\u8bc4\u8bba\u6027\u7684( Review \u5c31\u662f\u201c\u8bc4\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u5e26\u7740\u4f5c\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u6279\u5224\u7684\u773c\u5149 (critical thinking) \u6765\u5f52\u7eb3\u548c\u8bc4\u8bba\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u201c\u5806\u780c\u201d\u3002\u8bc4\u8bba\u7684\u4e3b\u7ebf\uff0c\u8981\u6309\u7167\u95ee\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u522b\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u4f60\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f3a\u9677?\u8981\u662f\u522b\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4f60\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u590d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u4e86\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n
1. \u5e74\u4ee3\u987a\u5e8f(chronological)\uff1a\u4ece\u6700\u65e9\u6709\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5f00\u59cb\u5199\u8d77\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u7ec4\u8ba8\u8bba\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u9886\u57df\u91cc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u67b6\u6784\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u8868\u73b0\u60f3\u6cd5\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u63a2\u8ba8\u9752\u5e74\u7f79\u60a3\u76ae\u80a4\u764c\u7684\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u7167\u5e74\u4ee3\u56de\u987e\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9010\u6e10\u63a8\u8fdb\u5230\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
2. \u4e3b\u9898\u5f0f(thematic)\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u6216\u7406\u8bba\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8ba8\u8bba\u5df2\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6587\u732e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5e74\u4ee3\u987a\u5e8f\u6bd4\u8d77\u6765\u8f83\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\u5f0f\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e0d\u6b62\u7b80\u4ecb\u4e2a\u522b\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u8fd8\u5206\u6790\u9886\u57df\u91cc\u5173\u4e8e\u67d0\u91cd\u8981\u8bfe\u9898\u7684\u65e2\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u7528\u4e3b\u9898\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u9752\u5e74\u7f79\u60a3\u76ae\u80a4\u764c\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7ae0\u8282\u8ba8\u8bba\u9ed1\u8272\u7d20\u7624\u4e0e\u975e\u9ed1\u7624\u76ae\u80a4\u764c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u65e5\u6652\u5bfc\u81f4\u76ae\u80a4\u764c\u3001\u9752\u5e74\u5bf9\u76ae\u80a4\u764c\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0e\u6001\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
(\u56db) \u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u6280\u672f\u8def\u7ebf<\/p>\n
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